随着全球空间基础设施进入系统化发展与全球服务的新阶段，卫星遥感不断创新与升级，已成为获取自主地面观测、掌握空间资源、抢占经济科技制高点的关键技术。海量的对地观测数据在环境、社会和经济研究中蕴藏着巨大的潜力，但同时也带来了数据处理、存储和分析方面的巨大挑战。分析即用数据（Analysis Ready Data, ARD）的出现大幅降低了数据处理成本，推动了数据共享与科学发现；ARD生成技术与遥感云平台和数据立方等载体的结合提升了遥感大数据挖掘的能力，颠覆了传统遥感数据处理和分析的模式，使全球尺度的长时间序列快速分析和应用成为可能。本文梳理了国内外ARD的背景和发展现状，包括国际主流的ARD产品，以及作为ARD生产和共享载体的遥感云平台和数据立方体，分析了国产卫星数据ARD产品生产时面临的问题和挑战，介绍了首套国产高分卫星数据的ARD：GF ARD产品，并分析和讨论了ARD未来需要解决的关键问题，以期为对地观测大数据的高质量、高效率、标准化应用提供思路，支撑重大科学发现和政府决策。

With the development of a new generation of remote sensing satellites such as high resolution and super resolution satellites, the earth observation data has experienced explosive growth. The massive historical observation data and the new generation earth observation data provide opportunities for systematically monitoring and evaluating the changes on the earth"s surface, enabling researchers to study the dynamic trends of earth science, environmental science, resource science, and global change at a macroscopic scale. The high difficulty, low efficiency, and high cost of data preprocessing are important reasons for the insufficient supply of earth observation data. Firstly, the raw data of remote sensing satellites usually needs to go through complex preprocessing before it can be used for analysis and applications, including radiometric calibration, atmospheric correction, and terrain effect correction. Secondly, many satellite users lack professional knowledge, infrastructure, and bandwidth, making it difficult to use the data efficiently. In addition, users in different fields often need to repeatedly perform similar preprocessing operations when dealing with different application requirements, causing a waste of labor costs. In response to these challenges, the "Analysis Ready Data" (ARD) concept was put forward by CEOS (Committee on Earth Observation Satellites), providing detailed processing and quality control requirements to ensure that the data can be directly used for analysis and applications. Many countries and institutions have successively developed ARD compliant products, such as the Landsat ARD in the United States and the Sentinel-2 ARD in Europe. The development of ARD in China started relatively late, but in recent years, breakthroughs have been achieved, and the GF ARD product with high spatiotemporal resolution and good consistency has been launched. The popularization of ARD has accelerated the process of data sharing and scientific research, promoted the opening and cooperation of global remote sensing big data, and made long term sequence analysis and global monitoring possible. This paper combs the background, connotation, and development status of ARD, introduces the international mainstream optical satellite ARD products, as well as the remote sensing cloud platforms and data cubes that serve as the carriers for ARD production and sharing, summarizes the problems and challenges faced in the production of domestic optical satellite data ARD products, and focuses on introducing the first set of domestic high resolution satellite data ARD: the GF ARD product. It also discusses the key issues that ARD needs to solve in the future, aiming to provide ideas for the high quality, high efficiency, and standardized application of earth observation big data, and support major scientific discoveries and government decision making