检测和估算化石燃料生产活动中的甲烷泄漏有助于甲烷减排。星载高光谱成像仪是甲烷排放点源遥感监测的重要技术手段。本研究利用国产高分五号02星（GF5-02）获取的高光谱成像仪（AHSI）与欧空局哨兵五号星(Sentinal-5P)的对流层观测仪（TROPOMI）遥感数据，基于优化的甲烷柱浓度反演算法和中尺度气象模式，开展了对中美两国煤矿和油气设施的甲烷排放点源检测、量化以及不确定性评估。实验结果表明：1）GF5-02星AHSI载荷在中美两国甲烷排放热点区域内探测到了四处显著的甲烷点源泄漏排放，排放速率均大于0.5吨/小时。其中，在二叠纪盆地监测到一处超级排放源，甲烷排放量高达11.7 ± 4.4吨/小时；2）甲烷点源排放通量速率的估算会受到背景气象场的影响，点源处风速的不确定性贡献最大。研究结果表明GF5-02星高光谱成像仪在全球甲烷点源遥感识别和排放量估算中的应用潜力，可以为未来全球能源行业的甲烷泄漏检测工作提供重要数据支撑。

The detection and estimation of methane leaks from fossil fuel production activities enable the action to reduce methane emissions. Spaceborne imaging spectrometer is an important technology for remote sensing monitoring of methane point emissions. This study uses the remote sensing data acquired by the Advanced Hyperspectral Imager (AHSI) onboard domestic Gaofen5-02 satellite (i.e., GF5-02-AHSI) and TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard European Space Agency’s Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite (Sentinel-5P), based on the optimized methane column concentration retrieval algorithm and the mesoscale meteorological model to identify, quantify and assess uncertainty of the methane point emissions from coal mines and oil/gas facilities in China and the United States. The results show that: 1) GF5-02-AHSI has detected four significant methane point source leak emissions in methane hotspot regions of China and the United States, with the emission rates greater than 0.5 tons per hour. A super-emitter is detected in the Permian basin, and the emission amount is 11.7 ± 4.4 tons per hour; 2) The estimation of methane point source emission flux rate is affected by the background meteorological field, and the uncertainty of wind speed at the point source is the largest contribution. The research results demonstrate the potential of GF5-02-AHSI in remote sensing identification and estimation of global methane point emissions, which can provide important data support for future methane leak detection in the global energy industry.