大量研究表明地震会引起大气中甲烷气体异常,本研究选取川滇一定区域,以2021年9月四川泸县地震为例,基于美国对地观测卫星AQUA/EOS上搭载的高光谱传感器大气红外探测仪(AIRS)获取的甲烷气体产品,采用成熟的RST算法开展地震前后甲烷异常信息提取,并对2008年以来区域内6级以上地震开展甲烷异常指数时序分析。研究结果表明：甲烷异常与地震有一定对应关系,主要表现为打破区域历史甲烷时空特征分布规律,随孕震过程总体呈现出一定的变化特征：起始增强-异常加强-高峰-衰减-平静。异常幅度与震级无明显的关系,但是异常持续时间可能与地震有关,即地震引起得甲烷异常并不是偶发的,具备一定异常持续时间。异常可能对应一定区域内的地震,后续需综合分析区域内构造地质情况、震级、不同研究区域半径对比,开展更深入的研究。川滇地区基于遥感手段开展甲烷气体地震异常监测具有一定的可行性,这与该区域本身富含大量烃类气体有关,地震的发生会促使地下海量烃类气体沿岩石裂隙、断裂带、不整合面等薄弱地带快速运移、扩散释放至大气中。本区域以外不具备油气田等条件是否可开展甲烷地震监测,监测效能等尚需通过大量工作开展深入分析。

A large number of studies have shown that earthquakes can cause methane gas anomalies in the atmosphere. This study selects a certain area in Sichuan-Yunnan region, taking the September 2021 Luxian earthquake in Sichuan as an example. Based on the atmospheric infrared detection of the hyperspectral sensor carried on the American earth observation satellite AQUA/EOS, using the mature RST algorithm to extract the methane anomaly information before and after the earthquake, the methane gas products obtained by the AIRS were used, and the time series analysis of the methane anomaly index was carried out for earthquakes of magnitude 6 or above in the region since 2008. The results show that the methane anomaly has a certain corresponding relationship with earthquakes, which is mainly manifested as breaking the regional historical methane spatial and temporal distribution law, and showing a certain change characteristic with the seismogenic process as a whole: initial intensification-anomaly intensification-peak-attenuation-quiet. There is no obvious relationship between the abnormal amplitude and the magnitude, but the abnormal duration may be related to the earthquake, that is, the methane anomaly caused by the earthquake is not accidental and has a certain abnormal duration. Anomalies may correspond to earthquakes in a certain area. In the follow-up, it is necessary to comprehensively analyze the structural geological conditions in the area, the magnitude of the earthquake, and the comparison of the radius of different study areas, and carry out more in-depth research. It is feasible to carry out seismic anomaly monitoring of methane gas in the Sichuan-Yunnan region based on remote sensing methods, which is related to the fact that the region itself is rich in a large amount of hydrocarbon gas. Rapid migration, diffusion and release into the atmosphere in weak areas such as the surface. Whether the seismic monitoring of methane can be carried out without the conditions of oil and gas fields outside this area, and the monitoring efficiency, etc., still need to be deeply analyzed through a lot of work.