传统村落是中华文明的鲜活载体，是中华历史、文化、自然遗产的“活化石”和“博物馆”，承载着中华传统文化的精髓。江西具有璀璨的历史文化，传统村落的时空格局的演化承载着江西历史的变迁和文化的传承。本文从历史地理学角度，结合历史文献和空间自相关分析、核密度分析、标准差椭圆、地理探测器等方法从历史、空间及文化3个维度对江西省343个传统村落的时空格局演化规律和影响因素进行研究。研究表明，从空间上看江西省传统村落在分布上具有明显的聚集性，且“热点”出现在上饶市婺源县与景德镇市浮梁县、抚州市东北部、吉安市中部3个区域，形成独有的“三核”分布模式。从历史线上看，江西省传统村落呈现出由“北（略偏东）—>南（略偏西）”的时空迁移特征；从村落分布选址角度，江西省传统村落大多分布在地势较为平坦、周围靠近水源的地区，江西省的盆地结构与密布的水网决定了自然因素是决定传统村落选址的首要因素，而文化的发展又促进了村落的扩张与壮大。在传统村落保护方面，经济的发展与城市的发展严重影响着传统村落的保护，政策的支持是目前传统村落保护的重要基石。

Traditional villages are the living carriers of Chinese civilization, the “living fossils” and “museums” of Chinese history, culture, and natural heritage, carrying the essence of Chinese traditional culture. Jiangxi has a splendid history and culture, and the evolution of the spatial-temporal pattern of traditional villages carries the historical changes and cultural heritage of Jiangxi. The study of traditional villages has positive practical significance and far-reaching historical significance for the effective protection and inheritance of historical and cultural heritage.From the perspective of historical geography, this paper combines historical documents and Global Moran’s I, Getis-Ord Gi*, nuclear density analysis, standard deviation ellipse and Geo detector，and takes 343 traditional villages in Jiangxi Province under the Chinese traditional village directory as the research object. Explore their spatial-temporal pattern evolution law and influencing factors from the three dimensions of history, space and culture.First of all, from a spatial point of view, the distribution of traditional villages in Jiangxi Province has obvious agglomeration, and “hot spots” appear in Wu yuan County of Shangrao City, Fuliang County of Jingdezhen City, Northeast Capital of Fuzhou City, and the middle of Jian City. Unique “three-core” distribution model. Second, from the historical perspective, most of the traditional villages in Jiangxi Province were born in the Song and Ming periods. The spatial distribution of traditional villages in each dynasty is also different, but on the whole it shows a trend of temporal and spatial migration from “north (slightly east) to south (slightly west)”. In addition, from the perspective of village distribution and site selection, the sites of traditional villages in Jiangxi Province are mostly concentrated in areas with elevations below 200m, slopes less than 10°, and surrounding water sources. Under the influence of social economy, the distribution of traditional villages is mostly based on “Mainly by water, supplemented by land”. Affected by today’s social economy, the current distribution of villages tends to be in the fringe areas with medium or low economic level and far from the city. Finally, from a cultural perspective, the unique regional cultures such as Luling Culture, Linchuan Culture, and Huizhou Culture provide the historical and cultural foundation for the spatial distribution of traditional villages in Jiangxi Province.The spatial-temporal pattern and evolution of traditional villages in Jiangxi Province are affected by factors such as the natural environment, social economy, and regional culture at that time. The basin structure and dense water network of Jiangxi Province determine that natural factors are the primary factor in determining the location of traditional villages, and the development of regional culture has promoted the expansion and growth of villages. The current economic development and urban construction seriously affect the protection of traditional villages, and policy support is an important cornerstone of the protection of traditional villages.