研究表明植物多样性与生态系统生产力、稳定性、资源利用效率等方面有密切联系。人类活动、极端气候、物种入侵等事件导致植物的生物多样性丧失速率逐年加快，生物多样性保护迫切需要对陆地植物多样性信息进行快速精确的收集。高光谱遥感的出现，为大空间尺度上的植物多样性研究提供了技术基础，为群落和景观水平的生物多样性相关理论的验证提供了契机。本文对于近年来高光谱遥感技术的发展及其在植物多样性研究中的应用进行了简要回顾。重点介绍了两类高光谱遥感反演多样性的手段，即直接反演和间接反演。直接反演手段从光谱曲线特征切入，以光谱变异假说为理论基础，以期直接建立光谱信息与植物多样性的关系；间接反演手段则通过植被指数将光谱信息关联植物多样性，或通过定量反演功能性状计算功能多样性指标，进而实现植物多样性的间接估测。本文结合现有实例，论述了高光谱遥感技术在大尺度生物多样性相关研究中的应用，如物种入侵监测、物种分布及多样性格局制图、生物多样性与生态系统功能（biodiversity and ecosystem functioning，BEF）关系研究。最后，我们对高光谱遥感技术在生态研究应用中的局限性进行了分析。我们认为，随着多源遥感技术的发展日渐成熟，高光谱遥感技术与地面通量监测、激光雷达、计算机可视化等其他技术的协同应用可能是在生物多样性研究领域中一个新的发展方向。

Researches have shown that plant diversity is closely related to ecosystem productivity, stability, and resource use efficiency. The rate of plant biodiversity loss due to human activities, extreme climate, and species invasions is accelerating year by year, and there is an urgent need for rapid and accurate collection of information of terrestrial plant diversity for biodiversity conservation. In this paper, we review the development of hyperspectral remote sensing technology and its application in plant biodiversity. Two types of hyperspectral remote sensing diversity inversion methods, i.e. direct inversion and indirect inversion, are introduced. The direct inversion methods take the spectral variation hypothesis as the theoretical basis to establish the relationship between spectral information and plant diversity, while the indirect methods correlate spectral information with plant diversity by calculating vegetation index or calculate diversity index through functional traits retrieved from models, to achieve indirect estimation of plant diversity. Combined with existing application examples of hyperspectral remote sensing, we discuss the technical advantages of hyperspectral remote sensing technology in the study of species invasion identification, species mapping, biodiversity spatial patterns and large-scale biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationship. At the end of this review, limitations of the application of hyperspectral remote sensing technology in ecological researches has been analyzed. We believe that with the development of multi-source remote sensing technology, the hyperspectral remote sensing technology, coordinated with other technologies (i.e. ground flux monitoring, laser radar technique and computer visualization), will be applied more extensively in the biodiversity research.