地球固体潮的观测和研究一直是地球科学研究的重点内容。地面台站存在其固有的局限性,而空间技术的发展使得固体潮现象的宏观观测成为可能。本文通过理论模型模拟得到了固体潮全球尺度下的时空分布特征,并从这些特征出发探讨了与固体潮宏观观测相匹配的空间技术发展潜能。主要包括InSAR技术与GNSS、VLBI、SLR等测距技术相结合的广域地面点位移监测能力以及重力卫星数据解算时变地球重力场的能力。然后就InSAR技术在时间基线和测绘带宽度上的需求,对低轨、倾斜同步卫星轨道、月基三种空间平台进行模拟,并分析了各平台的优势与不足。结果表明,新一代重力卫星组网和新的遥感对地观测概念平台均具备固体潮宏观观测潜力,其中月基InSAR或可发展成为最理想手段,其他空间技术的发展可以为月基平台失相干时段提供一定补充,实现优势互补。

The observation and research for solid earth tides (SET) have always been the focus of earth science. Ground-station observation have their inherent limitations, and the development of space technology makes it possible to observe the SET phenomenon. In this paper, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the SET are obtained by using the theoretical model. Based on these characteristics, the macroscopic observation potential of space technology is discussed. It mainly includes the wide-area displacement monitoring ability by the combination of InSAR technology and ranging technologies like GNSS, VLBI, SLR,and the time-varying gravity acquisition ability solved from gravity satellite data. According to the requirements of InSAR Technology on time baseline and swath width, three kinds of platform, namely low earth orbit (LEO) satellite, Inclined geosynchronous satellite and moon-based platform, are simulated. And the advantages and disadvantages of various platforms are analyzed. The results showed that the network of new gravity satellite as well as the new conceptual platform of remote sensing have the macro observation potential for SET, in which the moon-based InSAR may be developed into the most ideal means, and the development of space technology can provide a certain supplement for the spatial-decorrelation period of the moon-based platform and realize the complementary advantages.