水肥是影响作物生长的最主要限制因子之一，及时准确监测或诊断出作物水肥状况，对提高作物水肥管理水平和水肥利用效率，减少过度施肥带来的环境污染和指导节水农业生产具有重要意义，为此，首先简单介绍了植物光谱特性的生理生态基础以及光谱诊断原理，然后对国内外作物水分和氮素状况光谱诊断的研究进展，目前作物水分和氮素状况光谱诊断方面的研究重点以及存在的困难进行了评述，并提出了今后的研究方向和发展前景。

Water and nutrient are the main limitation factors for crop production. On-site and precise detection of crop water and nutrient content is necessary for improving crop water and nutrient management, and the use efficiency of water and nutrients;reducing environmental pollution caused by over fertilization; and promoting water-saving agriculture production. In this paper, firstly, a brief introduction to the eco-physiological basis of plant spectral characters and the principles of spectra detection of plant water and nitrogen content were presented. An overview was then given on the developments of the detection of crop water and nitrogen status by remote sensing. Finally, the current research highlight, the existing difficulties, and the future development trends and the prospect of remote sensing of crop water and nitrogen status were discussed.